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Acid reflux in dogs is not the most pleasant topic, we know.
That burning sensation you get after eating or drinking something that doesn’t agree with you? Your dog can experience it too and it’s just as uncomfortable for them.
Also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), acid reflux in dogs can appear in several ways, including coughing, loss of appetite, and even weight loss. In some cases, it can be quite serious.
Read on to learn more about the symptoms, causes, and how to help prevent it.
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What is acid reflux in dogs?
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus. In healthy dogs, a muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter acts as a one-way valve, preventing stomach contents from moving upward into the esophagus. When this sphincter weakens or relaxes inappropriately, acidic stomach contents can escape into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation.
The esophagus isn’t designed to handle the corrosive nature of stomach acid, so when this backflow occurs repeatedly, it can lead to painful inflammation, ulceration, and other complications. Unlike the stomach, which has a protective mucus lining, the esophagus is vulnerable to acid damage.
Symptoms of acid reflux in dogs
Of course, acid reflux is difficult to detect in dogs because they can’t tell us they have heartburn or indigestion. So, it’s up to pet parents to recognize the symptoms:
- Regurgitation and vomiting: Dogs with acid reflux often bring up undigested food, sometimes hours after eating. Unlike vomiting, regurgitation typically occurs without the forceful abdominal contractions and may happen more passively.
- Excessive drooling: Increased saliva production is the body’s natural response to acid in the esophagus, as saliva helps neutralize acid and protect the throat.
- Difficulty swallowing: You might notice your dog making repeated swallowing motions, appearing to have something stuck in their throat, or showing reluctance to eat or drink.
- Loss of appetite: Persistent discomfort can make dogs associate eating with pain, leading to decreased interest in food or treats they normally enjoy.
- Bad breath: Chronic acid reflux can cause persistent halitosis that doesn’t improve with dental care.
- Restlessness and discomfort: Dogs may appear anxious, pace frequently, or have trouble settling down, especially after meals.
- Gulping or lip licking: Frequent gulping motions or excessive lip licking can indicate your dog is trying to clear acid from their throat.
- Weight loss: In severe cases, dogs may lose weight due to reduced food intake or poor nutrient absorption.
Causes of acid reflux in dogs
Several factors can contribute to acid reflux in dogs, and understanding these causes can help with both treatment and prevention:
- Dietary factors: Rich, fatty, or spicy foods can trigger acid reflux. Large meals or eating too quickly can also overwhelm the digestive system and cause stomach contents to back up.
- Age-related changes: Senior dogs are more prone to acid reflux due to weakening of the esophageal sphincter and changes in digestive function over time.
- Breed predisposition: Brachycephalic breeds (those with flat faces) like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boston Terriers are more susceptible due to their anatomy and tendency to swallow excess air while eating.
- Medications: Certain medications, particularly those that relax smooth muscle, can weaken the esophageal sphincter and contribute to reflux.
- Underlying health conditions: Conditions such as hiatal hernia, gastrointestinal infections, or chronic kidney disease can increase the likelihood of acid reflux.
- Stress and anxiety: Just like in humans, stress can affect digestive function and contribute to acid reflux episodes.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts additional pressure on the stomach and can push stomach contents upward into the esophagus.
- Anesthesia: Some dogs experience temporary acid reflux following anesthetic procedures due to the relaxation of the esophageal sphincter.
How to treat acid reflux in a dog?
In many cases, acid reflux in dogs can be managed at home with a few simple changes. Treatment often involves a combination of diet adjustments, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, medication prescribed by your vet.
Feeding smaller, more frequent meals, switching to a low-fat or easily digestible diet, and using an elevated food dish can all support better digestion. Ensuring your dog doesn’t exercise immediately after eating can also make a big difference.
For more persistent or severe cases, your vet may recommend antacids, acid reducers, or prokinetic medications to help manage symptoms and prevent further discomfort.
What to feed a dog with acid reflux
If your dog suffers from acid reflux, feeding smaller meals throughout the day can be gentler on their digestive system than one or two large meals. Depending on the underlying cause, your vet may recommend switching to a lower-fat dog food or feeding the food at room temperature (not chilled). Alternatively, the food format (wet vs. dry food) could also make a difference.
In some cases, a change in protein or carbohydrate source may help reduce symptoms, so it’s best to consult your vet before making any major dietary changes.
You should also avoid high-fat treats, table scraps, spicy or heavily seasoned foods, chocolate (which is toxic to dogs), citrus fruits, tomatoes, and anything that has previously triggered symptoms in your dog. Choosing the right food can make a big difference in managing acid reflux and improving your dog’s overall comfort.
How to prevent acid reflux in dogs
Managing acid reflux in dogs can sometimes be a long-term commitment that requires ongoing attention to diet, lifestyle, and medical care.
Weight management remains crucial throughout your dog’s life, as even small weight gains can worsen reflux symptoms. Environmental stress management should be ongoing, ensuring your dog has a calm, predictable routine.
When to visit the vet
While mild acid reflux can sometimes be managed with dietary changes, certain symptoms warrant immediate veterinary attention. Contact your veterinarian if your dog shows signs of severe distress, refuses to eat for more than 24 hours, has blood in their vomit or regurgitation, shows signs of dehydration, or if symptoms worsen despite treatment.
Final word
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Article reviewed by
Laura Ward
Pet Nutritionist
Laura studied BSc (Hons) Animal Science with an accreditation in Nutrition at the University of Nottingham, before working for eight years in the pet food and nutrition industry.
